H. pylori infection has been associated with many micronutrient deficiencies. There is a dearth of data from communities with nutritional deficiencies and high prevalence of H. pylori infection. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of H. pylori infection on serum levels of vitamin B12, folate and homocysteine in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD).
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One hundred and thirty-two patients with FD undergoing gastroscopy were enrolled. The serum was analyzed for B12, folate and homocysteine levels before gastroscopy. H. pylori infection was diagnosed by histopathological examination of gastric biopsies and urea breath test. An independent sample t-test and the Mann–Whitney test were used to compare mean serum concentrations of biomarkers between H. pylori- positive and H. pylori- negative groups of patients. A Chi-square test was performed to assess the differences among proportions, while Spearman’s rho was used for correlation analysis between levels of B12 and homocysteine.
Results
The mean age of the group was 40.3 ± 11.5 (19–72) years. Folate deficiency was seen in 43 (34.6%), B12 deficiency in 30 (23.1%) and hyperhomocysteinemia in 60 (46.2%) patients. H. pylori was present in 80 (61.5%) patients with FD while it was absent in 50 (38.5%). Mean serum levels of B12, folate and homocysteine in the H. pylori- positive group of patients were not significantly different from the levels in the H. pylori- negative group (357 ± 170 vs. 313 ± 136 pg/mL; p = 0.13), (4.35 ± 1.89 vs. 4.42 ± 1.93 ng/mL; p = 0.84); ( ± 8.97 vs. ± 7.82 ?mol/L; p = 0.24); respectively.
B12 deficiency (?200 pg/mL) was 23.8% in the H. pylori- positive patients versus 22.0% in the H. pylori- negative patients. Folate deficiency (?3.5 ng/mL) was 33.8% in the H. pylori- positive group versus 36% in the H. pylori- negative group. Hyperhomocysteinemia (>15 ?mol/L) was present in 46.2% of H. pylori- positive patients compared to 44% in the H. pylori- negative group. Correlation analysis indicated that serum B12 levels were inversely associated with serum levels of homocysteine in patients with FD (rho = ?0.192; p = 0.028).
Results
This study demonstrated an inverse relationship between serum levels of B12 and homocysteine in patients with FD. Moreover, no impact of the presence of H. pylori was found on B12 Liste der kostenlosen europäischen Dating-Seiten, folate and homocysteine levels in such patients.
History
Helicobacter pylorus is a gram-negative, microaerophilic individual pathogen that’s common internationally. According to particular community-centered knowledge, over fifty percent of the adult population from inside the developed regions and you will 90% ones into the development nations harbor which germs [step 1, 2].
Based on this type of profile, it’s conceivable that the prevalence regarding H. pylori might possibly be very high regarding the Pakistani inhabitants. Regrettably, no neighborhood-oriented studies have come carried out in Pakistan. Yet not, hospital-centered research away from dyspeptic patients signify this new incidence out of H. pylori inside Pakistan is focused on 80% .
H. pylori infection causes gastritis and it is associated with the development of peptic ulcer disease, gastric carcinoma and micronutrient deficiencies . Micronutrient deficiencies may present with clinical syndromes ranging from subtle sub-clinical states, dysmotility like dyspepsia or severe clinical neurological and hematological disorders . A recent review of a number of published studies on the influence of H. pylori on nutritional status revealed that the infection appeared to have a definite negative effect on vitamin B12 and vitamin C metabolism . In a study from the Aga Khan University, high prevalence values of vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies, along with hyperhomocysteinemia (>15 ?mol/L), were seen in Pakistani patients with acute myocardial infarction . Hyperhomocysteinemia and high prevalence of folate deficiency were also observed in normal healthy subjects [7–9]. FD is a very common symptom in the community. Whether H. pylori infection has a role in folate and B12 deficiency in dyspeptic patients is still controversial.