The fresh understanding of adult closeness is founded on brand new groundbreaking work away from John Bowlby (1907-1990) and Mary Ainsworth (1913-1999). John Bowlby is actually an united kingdom psychologist, doctor, and you can psychoanalyst which began monitoring youth attachment to adult figures in the fresh 1950s, and you will ental psychologist whom longer into Bowlbys work in the newest sixties and 1970s of the conducting thorough observational training on the character regarding child accessories. It absolutely was Ainsworths logical study of child-mother separations you to definitely lead to the official knowledge and you will articulation regarding progressive connection idea.
Nowadays, mature connection principle features gathered high surface in the popular mindset because a construction to learn exactly how individuals understand and you can answer intimacy when you look at the personal dating
In 1969, Ainsworth published the original consequence of the newest Strange Situation Techniques (SSP), a method she made to level mom-child parts that’s nevertheless in use today. About “uncommon condition,” babies as well as their parents was brought into the a lab environment and you can systematically separated away from and you can reunited together. Based on the decisions of your kids in reaction in order to separation and reunion due to their parental rates, Ainsworth known three chief attachment looks in children: safer, stressed (insecure), and avoidant (insecure). Secure pupils (on sixty% of your population) became troubled when the mother left the bedroom, but was indeed confident and you may comfortable in the event that mother returned; anxious college students (from the 20% of society) first started this new try out for the a troubled county, turned into extremely disturb on break up, together with difficulty getting soothed and you will exhibited anger abreast of are reunited on the father or mother; and you will avoidant youngsters (from the 20% of the population) didnt arrive disturb by separation and you will avoided exposure to brand new parent abreast of reunion.
Because the relationship will vary in general, it show of numerous similarities first off, a keen evolutionary argument on the necessity of connection having emergency. From the research off adult accessory, four chief attachment appearances have been identified:
Charlene Hazan and Peter Shaver (1987) started initially to mention the newest research out-of attachment during the romantic relationship, postulating your core standards away from connection theory pertain not just so you can boy-caregiver relationships but so you’re able to mature relationship too
- Secure: Demonstrated from the possessing an optimistic view of care about and you may an optimistic view of other people. Those with so it connection layout routinely have confident admiration for themselves, the lovers, as well as their relationship. Hazan and you will Shavers part to help you characterize so it connection style are “I’ve found they not too difficult discover alongside others and you can have always been comfortable based on her or him and achieving him or her trust myself. I don’t worry about getting abandoned or around individuals taking also near to me personally.”
- Insecure:Anxious-Obsessed. Displayed because of the having a terrible view of mind and you can a confident view quiero aplicación de citas cornudo of others. People with a tense attachment layout typically have down mind-really worth, is actually obsessed which have attachment, and you can look for large quantities of closeness, approval, and responsiveness from their couples. Hazan and you can Shavers part to define this accessory design is “I find one to other people are unwilling to rating as near since I’d like. I usually proper care that my spouse doesn’t prefer me or wouldn’t should stay with me personally. I do want to get very close to my spouse, and that often frightens someone out.”
- Insecure:Dismissive-Avoidant. Showed from the having an optimistic view of thinking and you will a terrible look at other people. While people with so it connection style (and all sorts of accessory appearances, for example) carry out want closeness, they set higher strengths towards freedom, self-sufficiency, and you can area, and appearance to quit attachment altogether. Comments characterizing so it connection build is “Individuals wanted a lot of of myself,” “I really like to not believe anybody else or has other people depend for the me,” and “I am safe instead of romantic matchmaking.”